The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a vast and growing ecosystem of connected devices, from smart speakers and security cameras to thermostats, lightbulbs, and appliances. While these devices offer incredible convenience, they also introduce significant security and privacy risks into the home and office. Many IoT devices are built with minimal security, ship with weak default settings, and are rarely updated, making them attractive targets for hackers who can use them as entry points into a network or co-opt them into massive botnets. Securing these devices is not optional; it is a critical component of a modern cybersecurity strategy.
11 Essential Security Tips for IoT Devices
1. Change Default Passwords Immediately
This is the single most important rule of IoT security. Almost every IoT device ships with a generic, default username and password (like “admin”/”admin”) that are identical across all units of that model and are widely published online. Attackers constantly scan the internet for devices still using these default credentials. The first step after powering on any new IoT device must be to log into its settings and change the default password to a strong, unique one.
2. Isolate IoT Devices on a Separate Network
One of the most effective strategies for mitigating IoT risk is network segmentation. IoT devices should not be on the same Wi-Fi network as primary computers and smartphones. By creating a separate “Guest” or “IoT” network on the router, these less-secure devices are isolated. If a smart camera or lightbulb is compromised, the attacker will be trapped on that segmented network, unable to access sensitive files on a work laptop or network storage device on the main network.
3. Keep Firmware Updated
IoT device manufacturers periodically release firmware updates to patch security vulnerabilities. Unlike smartphones or computers, many IoT devices do not update automatically or provide clear notifications when an update is available. It is crucial for users to be proactive. This involves regularly opening the device’s companion app or logging into its web interface to check for and apply any available firmware updates. When purchasing a new device, it is important to choose a reputable manufacturer that has a track record of providing timely security updates.
4. Disable Unnecessary Features, Especially UPnP and Remote Access
Many IoT devices come with a host of features that may not be needed, and each active feature can represent a potential security vulnerability. Users should go through the device’s settings and disable any functionality they do not use, such as remote access from the internet if it is only needed locally. Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), a feature that allows devices to automatically open ports on the router, is particularly dangerous and should be disabled on both the device and the router whenever possible.
5. Use Strong Encryption (WPA2/WPA3) on Your Wi-Fi Network
The security of an IoT device is dependent on the security of the Wi-Fi network it connects to. The router must be configured to use the strongest available encryption standard—ideally WPA3, or at a minimum, WPA2 with AES. This encrypts the traffic between the IoT device and the router, preventing eavesdropping by nearby attackers. An estimated 98% of all IoT device traffic is unencrypted, making a secure Wi-Fi connection the primary defense for data in transit.
6. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Where Available
Many IoT ecosystems, especially those involving security cameras or smart locks, are managed through a cloud account. If this account offers two-factor authentication (2FA), it must be enabled. 2FA adds a critical layer of security, requiring a second verification code (usually sent to a smartphone) to log in, which prevents an attacker from taking over the account even if they manage to steal the password.
7. Be Mindful of Physical Security
While many threats are digital, physical security should not be overlooked. An easily accessible IoT device, like an outdoor security camera, could be stolen or tampered with. Devices should be installed securely to prevent easy removal. For devices with physical ports like USB, access should be restricted to prevent an attacker from plugging in a malicious device.
8. Review Privacy Policies and Data Collection
Before purchasing and installing an IoT device, users should review the manufacturer’s privacy policy to understand what data is being collected, where it is stored, and how it is used. Many devices collect far more data than is necessary for their function. In the device’s settings, users should opt for the most privacy-preserving options available, limiting data sharing wherever possible.
9. Mute Microphones and Cover Cameras When Not in Use
Smart speakers are always listening for a wake word, and security cameras may be recording constantly. If a device is compromised, these sensors can be used to spy on a household or office. When not in use, smart speakers should be muted using their physical mute button. For indoor cameras or webcams on smart displays, a simple physical camera cover provides a foolproof way to ensure privacy.
10. Use a Comprehensive Network Security Solution
Managing the security of dozens of individual IoT devices can be overwhelming. A modern, security-focused router or a network security subscription service can centralize protection. These solutions can monitor all network traffic for suspicious activity, automatically block malicious connections to and from IoT devices, scan the network for vulnerable devices with weak passwords or outdated firmware, and provide alerts about potential threats.
11. Decommission Old Devices Securely
When an IoT device is no longer needed or is being replaced, it must be securely removed from the network and the home. This involves performing a factory reset to wipe all personal data and configuration settings from the device. It is also important to go into the associated cloud account and remove or de-register the device to sever any remaining connection to personal data.
